Space and location make spatial thinking a distinct, basic and essential skill that can and should be
learned in school education, alongside other skills like language, mathematics and science.
Because of its capabilities GIS is inherently an excellent vehicle in expressing the five themes of
geography, as defined by The Joint Committee On Geographic Education (1984): location, place,
relationships with places, movement and region.
Spatial thinking is a distinct form of thinking, which helps people to visualize relationships between and among
spatial phenomena (Stoltman & De Chano, 2003).